Histology

Bismillah.

Akhirnya, dengan izin Allah, dapat juga sedikit sebanyak info daripada HOD Histology, Dr. Huda. What a relieve pals ! Tak perlulah nak concentrate semua dalam masa yang semakin singkat ni ye dak (?) 

Walaupun bayangan cuti dah semakin menguasai minda, tapi jangan lupakan Histology. Silence killer !

Sebagai statistik, ramai juga senior yang repeat paper Histo. Jadinya, jangan ambil mudah Histo. Tak baik tahu ! Tambahan pula, penandaan Histology sangatlah strict dan sememangnya department Histology adalah department paling strict.

Apa pun, minta maaf sebab penggunaan bahasa Melayu dan English secara campur aduk dalam note ini.

Ini yang aku dapat salin dan aku dah tanya kat Dr. Huda dan Dr. Magdi kesahihan apa yang aku salin itu lah.

1)Method of Study

-Oral only.

2)The Cell

-Oral and MCQ only. NOT COME in Written.

3)Cytogenetic

-Oral and MCQ only. NOT COME in Written.

4)Epithelium

-Types, Sites (MCQ, Oral, No written)

-Cell Polarity/ Junction (VIP in Written)

-m/s 80-90 (Oral)

-m/s 94- end of chapter (Written)

5)Connective Tissue

-Connective Tissue Cells/All

-EM, LM, f(x)

-Connective Tissue Fibers.

-Connective Tissue Proper.

6)Cartilage

-Cell of Cartilage

-ex: Chondrcytes

-Types of Cartilage.

7)Bone

-Structure, Bone Cell, Ossification ( Written)

-Joints, Fracture, Repair, Classification (Oral)

8)Blood

-Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets, Hemophoiesis, Formation of blood content (Written)

9)Muscle

-Types (Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth)

-Comparison

-Innervation of Skeletal Muscle ( Maybe Motor only, or both)

-Sliding Filamet Mechanism (Oral)

10)Nervous Tissue

-Neuron, Axon, Dendrite,

-Nerve Fibre

-Myelination

-Schwan Cell ( f(x) )

-Ganglia (comparison)

-Types of synapses

-Neuroglia

-229- 236 ( Oral )

11)Circulatory System

-Capillaries

-Arteries

-Veins

-comparison

12)Lymphoid Tissue

-4 organs (Spleen,Tonsil, Lymph Node, Thymus)

Exam Format:

1) Subjective Questions (Give account, Enumerate, Discuss)

2)MCQ's 

3)Fill in the blank

4) Give reason

5) Label diagram (Textbook, Atlas)

Distributions of Marks:

1)Written : 60 marks

2)MCQ's : 15 marks

3)Practical: 30 marks

4)Oral : 15 marks

5) Attendance, Books, Tests: 30 marks.

About Sama Center Notes by Prof Khalid El Mosalamy:

Dr Huda's comment: Can't be use as it is too simple. Not suitable to make it as an asnwer scheme. But, you can use it to know the technique of answering.

Trivia:

During Oral Exam, students have to bring the practical book.COMPULSORY.

Ok, that's all.

Segala persoalan boleh ditanya melalui ruangan komen,chat fb, ym atau apa sekalipun. Telepati pun boleh kalau mampulah kan (?)

"Mumtaz For Histology, Mumtaz For All "

syaef92

Physio Info

Bismilllah

Ok, senarai ini adalah Dr. Islam(yang baik hati dan botak tu) yang beri. Probabilty nak masuk ? Tak berani nak cakap sebab dia bukan HOD. Dan, satu lagi setiap muqarar/spot untuk Physiology tidak datang secara rasmi daripada HOD, Dr. Raouf. So, Dr. Raouf still ada kuasa untuk masukkan apa-apa jenis soalan dalam exam. Senior-senior dah pernah merasakannya. Btw nampak tak arrow dalam kertas tu. Double arrow ? Based on muqoror yang senior 2nd  year dapat, tanda arrow itu merujuk kepada most important topic.

Apa pun, bacalah semua dan rajin-rajin buat analisis.  xp

Removed Questions of Physiology

Bismilllah

Removed Questions of Physiology

CVS:
1- Introduction (page 1-8).
2- ECG (vector,axis,abnormal ECG) (page 25-36).
3-Heart Sounds (page 36-40).
4- Cardiac Arrhythmia (page 47-55).
5- Measurement of COP (page 58-59).
6- Cardiac Work & Mechanical Efficiency (page 68-69).
7- Arterial Blood Pressure (page 80-85).
8- Mechanisms of Death In Refractory Shock & Treatment (page 103-105).
9- In Venous Circulation (كله فيما عدا):
Mechanisms That Aid Venous Return Against Gravity (page 109).
10- In Capillary Circulation (كله فيما عدا):
a- Factors Affecting Capillary Circulation (page 116-117).
b- Oedema (page 120-121).
11- In Coronary Circulation (كله فيما عدا):
Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow (page 125-128).
12- In Cerebral Circulation (كله فيما عدا):
Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow (page 131-133).
13- Fetal Circulation.

Blood:
1- Introduction (page 1-2).
2- Separation of Plasma Protein & Others (page 4-8).
3- RBC Laboratory Tests (page 19-23).
4- Blood Groups (page 29-33).
5- Introduction of Immune System (page 59-61).
6- End of Immune System (page 66-68).

ANS:
Drugs (page 25-29 & 34- 36).

N&M:
1- Effect of Subthreshold Stimuli (page 19-21).
2- Structure of Muscle (page 24-30).
3- EMG (page 42).

Respiration:
1- Introduction (page 1-8).
2- Respiratory Volumes & Capacities (page 21-25).
3- Oxygen Therapy (page 57-58).
4- Dyspnea & Deep Sea Diving & Artificial Respiratory (page 61-64).

Honest

Assalamualaikum Geniuses.

Kehkehkeh.

Firstly aku nak cakap, apa yang aku update ni memang tak de kena mengena dengan study.

I mean bout exams and whatsoever yang se-alam dengannya.

:)

Asal aku yang update, memang takde pasal studies.

Orang lain selalu post pasal study, aku pulak merepeks je.

Hehe sape suruh Shaufik bagi aku green light to enter this blog as an author.

Huahaha. THANKS SHAUFIK. Hahahahah

okay bye

Anatomy kesayangan & Biocemistry kesayangan

telah meninggalkan kita.

Meninggalkan daku dan teman sepermainan sekelas sejantina serumah dan se se yang lain.

Mungkin ada antara kita happy untuk apa yang kita dah jawab kat answer booklet

Mungkin ada yang tak.

Mungkin masa oral Dua subjects tu ada yang tetiba lupa, nervous mcm tgh akad, taktahu etc.

Then frustrated and felt like you have no hope in medic.

Actually aku tak tahu la korang macam mana tapi aku rasa

korang jawab soalan tu macam mana pun teruk lupa pun,

remember that yang tanda tu lecturers yang baik.

InsyaAllah apa yang korang jawab tu dia faham korang salah tapi mungkin ada rasa kasih kasih tu.

Kasih sayang, Kasih-an, dan mungkin juga nur Kasih.

Dia cuba bagi markah yang bukan mula dari negative dan berakhir dengan kosong.

InsyaAllah.

Aku pun bukan pandai sangat. Budak biasa je yang lahir di bulan selepas December.

Tapi for me, semua orang pandai. As for us whom taking medicine, sama ah.

Lepas tak lepas lain kira. Ingat senang ke nak ambik medic.

SPM kena dengan warna terbang.

Kalau warna terbang baru korang terbang sini. Tak ke korang dah di cop budak pandai.

"Cop je tak cukup", korang nak cakap tu ke?

Habis tu takkan aku nak tattoo kan kat korang pulak. Tak ke haram tu.

"Nobody can go back and start a new beginning but can start today and make a new ending"

Maria Robinson

Yang sudah tu sudah.

Buat teladan je. Motivate us for our next paper.

Physiology is next.

Kalau masa Biochemistry & Anatomy korang banyak melihat persekitaran yang suam suam kuku,

daripada tengok paper exam,

ni aku selalu buat hahaha

Physiology and Histology nanti korang tengok la aku. Hahahahah

Tak ah.

Kalau sape yang dok fikir kan paper before yang dia rasa dia buat macam cinta tarik tali,

tak guna jugak. Agak agak kau menang tak tarik tali tu kalau yang opposite side tu ikat tali kat pokok jati?

Sama la macam exam ni, kau duduk fikir menda tu over sangat pun tak guna, dah lepas.

Tunggu jati tu di buat kerusi pulak(?)

Bioleee.

Oh exam exam jugak belajar belajar gak but mind your health.

Ada yang tak tidur semua tu kan.

Aku tahu sebab akupun ada buat sekali. Sekali je.

Sungguh bukan kegemaran la kalau nak buat hobby.

Tak penah dalam hidup aku tak tidur for exam lagi lagi, kot. Haha

Redha je la. Mintak dapat good result. Amin :)

Oh aku ada lagu ni. Aku suka.

Haha for us yang ambil exam boleh la layan lyric dia.

Well, enjoy!

:(]

"Yesterday is dead and gone,
So today this life goes on,
Got to keep on moving "

Assalamualaikum.

Hehe. May Allah bless us and give us mumtaz. Amin

Quick Review

Bismillah.

Repeated question since May 2003 – august 2010

PROTEIN

1)    Give account on :

-          Biological active peptide

-          Difference between hemoglobin and myoglobin structure.

CARBOHIDRATE

1)    Explain hyaluronic acids and hyaluronidase.

LIPID

2)   Explain antioxidant.

3)   Three examples of free radicals, how they are formed and their effects on tissues and biomembranes.

DNA & RNA    

1)    Give an account on:

-          PCR, technique and uses.

-          Restriction endonucleases.

-          Mutation

-          Human genome project

-          Gene therapy.

-          Cloning vectors

-          Lac operon.

2)   Describe DNA secondary structure and its type.

3)   Enhancer & silencer.

4)   Requirements and steps involved in prokaryotic DNA replication.

5)   Steps involve in prokaryotic transcription.

6)   Depict the function of :

-          Prokaryotic DNA polymerase.

-          Reverse transcriptase

7)   Causes, types and fate of DNA damage.

8)   Difference between PCR and LCR.

9)   Difference between RNA and DNA

10) Write a short resume on topoisomerases, types and function.

11)  Define telomeres and telomerase.

APOPTOSIS

1)    Apoptosis (definition & inducers, giving 5 examples for this process.

VITAMINS

1)    Vitamins that their deficiencies cause skin manifestations. (source, function and deficiency)

2)   Mention the chemistry,source, function and deficiency manifestation of the vitamin which steroid in nature

3)   Mention the chemistry, function and deficiency of cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃).

4)   Activation of vitamin D₃

5)   Depict the function and deficiency manifestations of vitamin B₁₂ and vitamin A.

IMMUNE SYSTEM

4)   Difference between Ig G and Ig M.

5)   General structure of immunoglobulins.

ENZYME

2)   Explain mechanism of enzyme action.

3)   Give account on competitive and uncompetitive enzyme inhibition.

Important Points for Biochemistry

Bismillah.

SILA AMBIL PERHATIAN. INI KEMASKINI TERBARU PASAL TAJUK PENTING BIOCHEMISTRY.


*Physical Chemistry
Colloids solution (properties and types )
Difference of solutions according to their Molecular weigth (Size of Molecules)

*Carbohydrates
Amino sugars
Optical activity
Invert sugar
Compare between Lactose , Maltose , Sucrose
Compare between Amylose , Amylopectin
Glycoseaminoglycans (GAGs)
Function of Glycoprotiens
Hyaluronic acid*********
Hyaluronidse enzyme***********
Mutarotation (not sure)
Sugar acids *************
Sugar alcohol**************

*Lipid
Biological function of lipid
Give ana account on essential Fatty acids**************
Definition and types of Rancidity
Lypoprotiens (types and seperation)
Antioxidants
Free Radical
Importance of prostaglandins
Give ana account on Lecithin*****************
Sphingomyelin

*Protein
Nutritional classification of Aminoacids
Physiological active peptides
Function of proteins
Basic proteins
Compare between Albumin and Globulin
Compare between basic protein ********
Metaloproteins*****
Compare between Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins
Metabolic classification of Amino acids********
Chromoprotiens******
Physical importance of nucleoproteins******

*Molecular Biology
Compare between DNA and RNA
Physical importance of Free Nucleotides
A,B,Z types of DNA
Telomeres and Telomerase and importance of Telomeres
Genetic code
Lacoperon
Restriction endonuclease enzyme
Types and cause of mutation
Compare between PCR and LCR
Coloninig Vectors
Apoptosis
Gene Therapy ( Headlines only)
Steps and applications of pcr***********
Dna polimerase enzyme in prokaryotics**********
Proteomics and bioinformatics************

*Vitamins
Function , source and deficiency of Vit D3 and B12
Compare between 4 Fat soluble vitamins ( A,K,E,D)
Compare between 5 water soluble vitamins (B1 , B2 , B6 , B12 , C )
Vitamin Deficiency Diseases ( Night blindness = nyctalopia , Rickets , BeriBeri , Pellagra , Pernicious Anaemia , Scurvy)

*Enzymes
Mechanism of enzyme action
Isoenzymes
Examples of enzyme medical importance
Inhibitors
Hydrogen Carrier
Competitive and Non-Competitve activation of enzymes

*Immune
Compare between immunoglobulins


Sekian, terima kasih.