Quick Review

Bismillah.

Repeated question since May 2003 – august 2010

PROTEIN

1)    Give account on :

-          Biological active peptide

-          Difference between hemoglobin and myoglobin structure.

CARBOHIDRATE

1)    Explain hyaluronic acids and hyaluronidase.

LIPID

2)   Explain antioxidant.

3)   Three examples of free radicals, how they are formed and their effects on tissues and biomembranes.

DNA & RNA    

1)    Give an account on:

-          PCR, technique and uses.

-          Restriction endonucleases.

-          Mutation

-          Human genome project

-          Gene therapy.

-          Cloning vectors

-          Lac operon.

2)   Describe DNA secondary structure and its type.

3)   Enhancer & silencer.

4)   Requirements and steps involved in prokaryotic DNA replication.

5)   Steps involve in prokaryotic transcription.

6)   Depict the function of :

-          Prokaryotic DNA polymerase.

-          Reverse transcriptase

7)   Causes, types and fate of DNA damage.

8)   Difference between PCR and LCR.

9)   Difference between RNA and DNA

10) Write a short resume on topoisomerases, types and function.

11)  Define telomeres and telomerase.

APOPTOSIS

1)    Apoptosis (definition & inducers, giving 5 examples for this process.

VITAMINS

1)    Vitamins that their deficiencies cause skin manifestations. (source, function and deficiency)

2)   Mention the chemistry,source, function and deficiency manifestation of the vitamin which steroid in nature

3)   Mention the chemistry, function and deficiency of cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃).

4)   Activation of vitamin D₃

5)   Depict the function and deficiency manifestations of vitamin B₁₂ and vitamin A.

IMMUNE SYSTEM

4)   Difference between Ig G and Ig M.

5)   General structure of immunoglobulins.

ENZYME

2)   Explain mechanism of enzyme action.

3)   Give account on competitive and uncompetitive enzyme inhibition.